The Bodhicaryavatara: I. Awakening SpiritII. Confession of ErrorIII. Bodhicitta VowsIV. Behavior
V. MindfulnessVI. PatienceVII. DiligenceVIII. MeditationIX. WisdomX. Dedication

Translation of the Gunaighar Grant Copperplate
-- notes and the transcription of original Sanskrit are presented afterwards --

(Lines 1-2)

Hail! From the victorious camp full of great ships and elephants and horses(1) (situated) at Kripura, the glorious Maharaja Vainyagupta,(2) who meditates on the feet of God Mahadeva, being in good health, issues a command after wishing health to ......, and his own dependents: Be it known to you that

(Lines 3-8)

For enhancing the religious merits of myself and my parents, on the request of Maharaja Rudradatta, a slave to our feet, in the village of Kantedadaka situated in the ''Northern Mandala," eleven Patakas of uncultivated lands in five plots are granted by Me, by means of a copper plate as an Agrahara in absolute possession; for providing perpetually for perfumes, flowers, lights, incense, etc. thrice a day unto the Lord Buddha in the abode of the Vaivarttika congregation of monks (belonging) to the Mahayana, estab lished by the Buddhist monk of the Mahayana, Acaryya Santideva, in the Asrama-'Vihara (dedicated) to Arya-Ava- lokitesvara, which (Vihara) was being constructed in the part of.... by that (king) for the sake of that Acaryya; and for the enjoyment of garments, food, beds, seats, medicines for the sick etc. by that congregation; and also for repairing breaks and cracks in the Vihara. (Lines 8-11) Here again, both veda and smrti (texts) are indeed prescribed.(3) By Reading in the legal text, enjoining special merits both here and hereafter, the sense of a (now lost) Vedic text regarding holy gift of lands,[4]) and themselves courting even hardships, enemy kings, who (are agreeable to giving) lands to proper persons, should, upon our honour in words and also for themselves acquiring fame) and merits, approve (the grant of) these Patakas unto this Vihara.

(Lines 11-14)

Regarding keeping up (in future), there are again verses sung by the revered Vyasa, the compiler of the Vedas, and the son of Parasara:-- (v.1) The giver of land rejoices in Heaven for sixty thousand years and he who confiscates and he who assents live in Hell for that period. (v.2) He who takes away land given by himself or by others rots along with his forefathers becoming a worm in soil. (v.3) O Yudhisthira, the best of kings, protect care fully the land granted by former (kings) to Brahmins, for, protection is better than the gift itself.

(Lines 14-18)

In the current year of One Hundred and Eighty-Eight, on the 24th day of the month of Pausa, by the Royal Ambassador, the great Frontier King Maharaja Vijayasena, who is the High Chamberlain, the Officer-in- charge of Elephants, the President of the Board of Five Law Court Officers and President of City Governors, the (royal) command for the gift of these eleven Patakas is made known unto the Kumaramatyas Revajjasvami, Bhamaha and Vatsa- bhojika. (This is) written by Karana-Kayastha Naradatta, who is the Minister in charge of Peace and War.

(Lines 18-27)

Wherein the first plot of land measuring seven Patakas and nine Dronavapas, the boundary marks are, to the East, the border of the Gunikagrahara village and the field of Engineer Visnu; to the South, the field of Miduvilala(?) and the field belonging to the Royal Vihara; to the West, the Surinasirampurnneka(?) field; to the North, the tank of Dosibhoga,...and the boundaries of the fields of(?) Vampiyaka and Adityabandhu. Of the second plot measuring tmenty-eight.Dronavapas, the boundaries are, to the East, border of Gunikagrahara village; to the South, the field of Pakkavilala(?); to the West, the field of the Royal Vihara. To the North, the field of Vaidya...... Of the third plot measuring twenty-three Dronavapas the boundaries are to the East, the field of......; to the South, the boundary limit of the field of........; to the West, the field of Jolari; to the North, the field of Nagi jodaka. Of the fourth plot of land measuriug thirty Dronavapas, the boundaries are, to the East, the boundary limit of the field of Buddhaka; to the South, the field of Kalaka; to the West, the boundary limit of the field of Suryya; to the North, the field of Mahipala. Of the fifth plot of land measuring a couple of Patakas less a quarter, the boundaries are, to the East, the field of Khandaviduggurika; to the South, the field of Manibhadra; to the West, the boundary limit of the field of Yajnarata; to the North, the boundary limit of the village Nadadadaka.

(Lines 27-31)

The boundary marks of the low lands(1) belonging to the Vihara are, to the East, the channel between the (two) ports of ships at Cudamani and Nagarasri(2); to the South, the channel, open to ships connnected to the large marshy pond of Ganesvara(3); to the West, the end of the field belonging to the temple of Pradyumnesvara; to the North, the channel (leading) to the port of Pradamara.(4) The boundary marks also of water-logged waste lands pertaining to the right of entrance (5) of this Vihara and paying no requital (tax)' are to the East, the boundary limit of the field belonging to the temple of Pradyumnesvara; to the South, the limit of the field belonging to the Vihara of the Buddhist monk, Acaryya Jitasena; to the West, the stream(2) Hacata; to the North, the tank of Danda(?).

(Line 31)

The year 188, the 24th day of Pausa.


Notes:

1. The opening expression mahanau etc. occurs in the Gaya plate of Samudragupta (Gupta Ins., p.256) and also in the Banskhera and Madhuban plates of Harsa.

2. Vainya, a spnonym for "the first king" Prthu, is spelt here with the dental nasal as in Rgveda, VIlI. ix, Io. It is now generally spelt with the cerebral (cf.Gupta, Ins., p. 74-- abhijati-gunena vainyam).

3. Apa-vihita is a rare word not found elsewhere.

4. Reading Smrtam makes much the same sense.

5. For talabhumi cf. tala-pataka in the Khalimpur grant 1.52.

6. There are possibly two place names here: it may also mean "at the town of Cudamani," the epithet Sri is then ill construed with nauyoga.

7. Can it be a place name?

8. Also seems to be a place name rather than that of a person.

9. The word pravesya is difficult to interpret. The meaning suggested by Dr. Sukthankar, following Hultzsch, "that which belongs to the pravesa" (a territorial division), Ep. Ind., XVII, p.106 does 10. Pratikara can hardly mean 'the right of alienation' ; it may simply mean 'tax' (kara) or better 'a state allowance.' 11. Gamga 'a stream' survives in the word gang still current in East Bengal (cf. Dr. S.K. Chatterji : loc. cit. pp.305 and 363).



The Gunaighar Grant Copperplate (Obverse)

1. Svasti Maha-nau-hasty = asva-jayaskandhavarat = Kri-purad = bhagavan = Mahadeva-padanuddhyato Maharaja-Sri-Vainyaguptah

2. kusali[1].....svapadopajivinas = ca kusalam = asamsya samajnapayati viditam bhavatam = astu yatha

3. maya matapittror = atmanas = ca pu(nya)bhivr(ddha)ye smat = padadasa-Maharaja-Rudradatta-vijnapyad = anenaiva Mahayanika-Sakyabhiksv = a-

4. caryya-Santidevam = uddisya gopa (?) [2]........, gbhage (?) karyyamanakaryyavalokitesvarasrama vihare anenai-

5. vacaryyena pratipadita (ka? ) Mahayanika (?)-Vaivarttika[3] -bhiksusaghanam[4] = parigrahe Bhagavato Buddhasya satatam triskalam

6. gandha-puspa-dipa-dhupadi-pra[5]........sya bhiksusamghasya ca civara-pindapata-sayanasana-glana- pratyaya- bhaisajyadi-

7. paribhogaya vihare[6] (ca) khanda-phutta-pratisamskara- karanaya Uttara-Mandalika-Kantedadaka-grame sarvato bho-

8. genagraharatvenaikadasa-khila-patakah pancabhih kh- and is = tamrapattenatisrstah(||*) Api ca khalu sruti-smrti-.

9. hapavihita (||*) Punya-bhumidana-srutim = aihik = amuttrika-phalavisese smrto (?)[7] bhavatah samupagamya svatastu pi-.

10. dam = apy = urikrtya pattrebhyo bhumim[8]... dvisa(? ) dbhir = asmad = vacana-gauravat = sva-yaso-dharmmavaptaye c = aite

11. pataka asmin = bi (? vi) hare sasvat = kalam = abhy[9].........(||*) Anupalanam = prati ca Bhagavata Parasaratma- jena Vedavya-

12. sena Vyasena gitah sloka bhavanti (||*) Sastim varsa sa(hasra) ni svargge modati bhumidah (l*) Aksepta c = anumanta ca ta-

13. nyeva nake[10] vaset (||*) Svadattam paradattam = va yo hareta (vasu)ndharam (1*)(sa) visthayam krmir=bhu- tva pitrbhih saha pacyate

14. Purvadattam dvijatibhyo yatnad = raksa yudhisthira (l*) Mahim mahimatam srestha danat = sreyonupalanam (||*) Varttaman = astasity = u-

15. ttara-sata-samvatsare pausamasasya caturvvinsa- titama-divase Dutakena Mahapratihara-Mahapilupati-Pan- cadhi-

16. karanoparika-patyuparika-[11] ?? -purapaloparika- Maharaja-sri-maha-samanta- Vijayasenen = aited = ekadasapata- ka-da-

17. nayajnam = anubhavitah Kumaramatya-Revajjasvami- Bhamaha-Vatsabhogikah (||*) Likhitam Sandhi-vigrahari [12] karana-kaya-

18. stha-Naradattena (||*) Yattr = aika-ksettra-khande nava-dronavapa-dhika-sapta-pataka-parimane sima lingani Purvvena Guneka

19. grahara-grama-sima Visnu-vardhaki-ksettras = ca Daksinena Miduvilala (?) -ksettram Rajavihara-ksettranca Pascimena Surinasiram = purnneka-

20. ksettram Uttarena Dosibhoga-puskarini ([13]) ........ vam = piyak = Adityavandhuksettrananca sima (||*)

21. Dvitiya- khandasy = astavinsati- dronavapa- parima- nasya sima Purvvena Gunikagrahara-grama-sima Daksinena Pakka-

22. vilala(?)-ksettram Pascimena Rajavihara-ksettram Uttarena Vaidya(?)-ksettram (||*) Tritiya-khandasya trayovinsati-dronavapa-

23. parimanasya sima Purvvena ... ... ksettram Daksinena-nakhaddarccarika(?)-ksettrasima Pascimena



Gunaighar Grant Copperplate (Reverse)

24. J(o?)lari-ksettram Uttarena nagijodaka-ksettram (||*) Caturthasya trimsaddronavapa-parimana-ksettra-khandasya sima Purvvena.

25. Buddhaka-ksettra-sima Daksinena Kalaka-ksettram Pascimena (S)uryya-ksettra-sima Uttarena Mahipala-ksettram (||*) (Pa)ncamasya

26. padona-pataka-dvaya-parimana-ksettra-khandasya sima Purvvena Khanda-vid(u) ggurika-ksettram Daksinena Mani- bhaddra-

27. ksettram Pascimena Yajnarata-ksettra-sima Uttarena Nadadadaka-gramasimeti (||*) Vihara-talabhumer = api sima- lingani

28. Purvvena Cudamani-Nagarasri-Nauyogayor = mmaddhye Jola Daksinena Ganesvara-vilala-puskarinya nau-khatah

29. Pascimena Pradyumnesvara-devakula-ksetra-prantah Uttarena Pradamara-Nauyoga-khatah(||*) Etad= Vihara- pravesya-sunya-pratikara-

30. hajika-khila-bhumer = api sima-lingani Purvvena Pradyumnesvara-devakula-ksettra-sima Daksinena Sakyabhiksv = acaryya-Jita-

31. Sena-Vaiharika-ksettravasa(?) nah Pascimena Ha (?) cata-gamga Uttarena Danda-puskini[14]c = eti || Sam 100 80 8 possya-di [15] 20 4.


Notes:

1. About 8 letters are effaced by corrosion here.

2. This important portion apparently giving the situation of the Vihara is almost lost by corrosion: the last word seems to be digbhage.

3. The superscript r is formed here below the top-stroke (cf purvvena in l. 28 below).

4. Read sanghanam. The letter gh has a curl here to the left which is not found in the letter in l.6 below.

5. The portion effaced here would read something like-varttanaya ta-."

6. The superior stroke for a in -ha- is unusual, looking like that for e.

7. Read smrtau or smrtam.

8. About 4 letters are indistinct here.

9. 4 or 5 letters are cut off here reading something like -anumantavyah.

10. Read narake

11. 2 letters cannot be correctly deciphered here: it is possibly sura or pura, in the letter case a repetitoin by mistake of the same word pura.

12. Read -vigrahadhikari-.

13. A number of letters here as well as in ll.22 and 23 below are all but effaced. It will serve no useful purpose by conjectural readings of these portions.

14. Read -puskarina.

15. Read -pausa-


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